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Fighting climate change

In 2000, Lafarge made a commitment to reduce its global emissions of CO2 by 20% over the period 1990 to 2010. This is nearly 4 times the reduction set for industrialized countries by the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time, the Group is developing solutions to conserve energy resources.

Reducing CO2 emissions

Partnership with the WWF

Cement production is responsible for most of Lafarge's greenhouse gas emissions. Manufacturing alone accounts for 98% of the Group's CO2 emissions.

Lafarge is aware of the challenge which climate change presents for the entire planet. In 2001, the Group committed itself to ambitious objectives in the framework of a pioneering partnership with the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature). By 2010, Lafarge is aiming to reduce:

  • absolute gross emissions* by 10% in industrialized countries,
  • net emissions* by 20% per ton of cement produced worldwide.

These commitments go beyond the reduction targets set by the Kyoto Protocol, which call for industrialized countries to reduce their emissions by 5.2% compared to 1990 levels.

 

(* Gross/net emissions: net emissions equal gross emissions minus emissions related to the burning of waste.)

 

Lafarge's resources

 

To meet these objectives, the Group is:

  • reducing energy consumption,
  • modernizing its plants and constantly improving its industrial processes to use alternative energy sources,
  • using alternative fuels,
  • using industrial waste, particularly slag, fly ash and pozzolan, to manufacture cement. For example, certain cement additives can partially replace clinker, which reduces CO2 emissions.

 

This approach has seen the Group's global CO2 emissions per ton of cement fall by 18.4% between 1990 and the end of 2008.

 

Lafarge also invests in research to:

  • develop clinker which produces less CO2,
  • perfect processes which make more efficient use of energy,
  • optimize the composition of concrete and improve recycling.
Fly ash is used at the Bouskoura cement works (Morocco)

CO2 and cement

Where does the CO2 released during the cement manufacturing process come from?

  • 60% of total emissions come from CO2 contained naturally in limestone, the principal raw material,
  • 40% is generated by the consumption of fossil fuels required to raise the temperature of the cement plant furnace to 1500°C.

Glossary

For more information...
Consult our glossary to learn more about cement admixtures, pozzolan, slag, fly ash, CO2 and much more!

Industrial ecology

Industrial ecology is a new concept in environmental management. The idea is to improve the way environmental factors (energy resources, natural raw materials, etc.) are integrated into business strategies. Industrial ecology takes its inspiration from the cyclical way in which natural ecosystems operate. Just as nature goes through cycles of production, destruction and recycling, industrial waste from certain activities can serve as raw material or fuel for other industries.

A debate that spans the construction sector

The construction sector as a whole consumes a large amount of energy. The building is the source of 40% of the CO2 emissions of developed countries.

As a responsible player, Lafarge seeks to reduce the environmental impact of construction and promote sustainable construction methods.

 

The Group addresses all actors in the value chain and participates in partnerships and collective actions, such as:

  • the WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development),
  • the EEB (Energy Efficiency in Building) project,
  • the Building Energy Foundation,
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Program),
  • collaborative projects with renowned architects (Jacques Ferrier and the Hypergreen project, Marc Mimram and the "Living infrastructures" study).

Clean Development Mechanisms

Lafarge conducts a number of projects aimed at implementing Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol.

Three projects have already been recognized by the CDM Executive Committee:

  • in Morocco, the Tetouan wind farm supplies 50% of the electricity used by the local Lafarge cement plant,
  • in Malaysia, 5% of the thermal energy for the Rawang and Kanthan cement plants comes from biomass,
  • in India, fly ash from conventional power plants is recycled for use in cement.

 

These 3 Clean Development Mechanisms provide annual savings of 160,000 tons of CO2, an environmental benefit equivalent to planting 10.6 million trees per year! The Group is studying new CDM projects.

 

In global terms, the cement industry is responsible for 5% of the CO2 emissions related to human activities. That is the reason why, beyond CDM, Lafarge promotes a global sectorial approach to reduce cement sector's CO2 emissions, notably within the CSI (Cement Sustainability Initiative).

Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)

The Kyoto Protocol does not set limitations on CO2 emissions for developing countries but it does encourage the adoption of alternative mechanisms.

Companies which finance CO2 emission reduction projects in developing countries are compensated with carbon credits.

CDMs. are designed to promote the development of better technologies in emerging economies while enabling industrialized countries to earn carbon credits.

Industrial ecology at the heart of operations

Solar energy  Hartershofen factory, Germany

Biomass

Biomass refers to any organic material derived from plants that can be used to provide energy. It is the biodegradable portion of:
  • by-products, waste and residues from agriculture, forestry and associated industries,
  • industrial plant waste and residues.

Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. The principle is based on varying levels of commitments for different governments. Industrialized countries have made stabilization or reduction commitments which correspond on average to a 5% reduction in their emissions for the period 2008/2012 compared with 1990. Developing countries are under no obligation but are encouraged to develop CO2 emissions reduction programs which can be used to generate credits: that is the principle of the "Clean Development Mechanism" (CDM) which involves promoting efforts in emerging countries.

The Group's industrial ecology approach is built around finding ways to add value to waste. The underlying principle is that waste products from certain industries can serve as energy or raw material resources for other industries. In 2008, Lafarge recovered more than 7.3 million tonnes of biomass, waste and by-products.

 

Promoting alternative energy sources

 

For 30 years, Lafarge has been developing solutions to reduce energy consumption and diversify supplies. The Group aims to increase its fuel substitution rate from 8.6% to 30% by 2010. This would reduce the amount of waste generated by 7.5 million tons each year and reduce CO2 emissions by 9 million tons.

 

Examples of alternative fuel sources:

  • biomass: rice husks in the Philippines, coffee pods in Uganda, shells from palm oil nuts in Malaysia,
  • various waste products: plastics, solvents and old tires in Germany.

 

Using waste materials as an alternative to fossil energies has benefits for the Group and for local communities:

  • Lafarge uses less fossil energy, reduces its fuel bill and reduces its dependence on the market for traditional fuels,
  • the Group provides a service to the community by incinerating waste products that would otherwise be difficult and costly to eliminate.

 

This approach also has positive effects in terms of CO2 emissions. Biomass is neutral in terms of CO2 while placing waste material in landfill produces greenhouse gases.

 

Developing alternative materials

 

Clinker, a key ingredient in cement manufacture, can also be partially substituted by waste. By adding industrial residues such as recycled construction materials and products derived from other industries, it is possible to:

  • reduce the use of natural, non-renewable raw materials,
  • decrease CO2 emissions,
  • reduce costs.

Last update on 12/16/2009

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